The Tower Is Gone. The Panopticon Isn't.
Bentham needed a tower. That was his technological limitation. Almost 250 years later, we do not. The final stage of the Panopticon's evolution is not a bigger prison. It is the disappearance of the prison altogether. From One Tower to a Network The surveillance landscape described throughout this series has traveled an extraordinary distance. Samuel Bentham began with workers in Russia. Jeremy Bentham converted central inspection into an institutional philosophy. Prisons in Europe, Cuba and elsewhere experimented with variations of circular observation. Orwell imagined surveillance moving into everyday life. Foucault recognized that the real significance of the Panopticon was not the building but the behavioral mechanism it represented. Then digital technology eliminated the building. Sensors could become distributed. Records could become centralized. Searches could become remote. Observation could become automated. The tower had finally escaped architecture. 132,940 Points of Obs...